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=Water Scarcity and Bottled Water = ===For the past few months, Ivanhoe Grammar School has been looking at water scarcity and bottled water. We have conducted several studies into finding how fellow students and teachers use our precious source of water. At the heart of the survey, we asked several questions about bottled water. This focused centrally on why we are drinking it and what are it's benefits. We then analysed the results, which is displayed below. === = Do you drink bottled water? =


After surveying 50 people, 74% said they drink bottled water. This is a high percentage and led us to asking why people choose bottled water over water from the tap. What is even more interesting is that Melbourne has some of the best tap water in the world.


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 * What bottled water do you prefer?  **

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From this graph we can see that 50% of the people who took the survey buy ‘Mt Franklin’ water bottles, 42% prefer the ‘Pump’ bottles while 8% lean towards other brands. This may be the case because ‘Mt Franklin’ is one of the most popular and famous brands on shelves in stores throughout Australia. People may not care which bottle they buy as long as it contains water. Advertising may pay a part in deciding what people choose to buy and from this graph, it may seem that due to the large portion of ‘Mt Franklin’ buyers, ‘Mt Franklin’ may spend a lot of money on advertising and this can effect what brand of bottle people choose to buy. = If not, why don't you drink bottled water? = When the student’s were asked why they didn’t drink bottled water, 45% said it was due to the cost, whilst the other 55% said it was due to other reasons. These other reasons can include: the environmental impact bottled water has and the health risks that it may pose. The risk that bottled water has on the environment is no other than the bottle itself. It has been confirmed that the bottles, because they are plastic, cannot be disposed of easily and that is what is causing all the problems. Research shows that bottled water also may pose health risks if it is drunk over a longer period of time. For example, drinking distilled water increases chances of tooth decay as it does not have sufficient amounts of fluoride ions. = Do you use the bottle more than once? =

=    = The results from this graph show that 82% of people that drink bottled water reuse the water bottle for future use. This is pleasing to see as it helps the environment and people are learning to recycle. Of the 18% of people that don’t reuse the bottle, these people may be buying lots and lots of water bottles so they don’t have to reuse them. Of the 82% of the people that reuse the bottle these people may be feeling the effects of the economic crisis and are learning to reuse the water bottles and just filling them up again. The 18% of people that don’t reuse the bottle may come from people that have little concern for the environment and may be upper class people that can afford to buy lots of bottled water. = Does advertising help you decide what water to dink? = The question of whether advertising and advertisements influence ones decision when choosing what water they want. 13% of students said they were influenced by the advertisements, whilst the other 87% said they were not. So the majority of the students said that they weren’t influenced by the advertisements and were inclined to buy bottled water for some other reason other than that of water commercials.

= Does the packaging of the bottle influence your choice when buying bottled water? = 62 percent of Ivanhoe grammarians said that packaging (including the brand) did not affect their decision. However if this was the truth the highly branded waters, such as mount Franklin would not sell so much as supermarket based brands of water. This could be the case because advertising works mostly subliminally and people do not always know how it has affected their decisions.  ===Alex Ferguson, Tim Graham, Branislava Vukmirovic, Aiden Chung, Will Robey, Tim Collier - //Ivanhoe Grammar School// === = =

=<span style="color: rgb(22, 23, 126);">FACTS, INFORMATION ETC... = =__Global Warming:__= =<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"> = <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Humans affect global warming with the excess greenhouse gasses that have polluted our atmosphere, especially in the last 50 years. Carbon dioxide and methane are the two that we have the most contribution to, but water vapor is the largest greenhouse gas as a whole. Water vapor is inevitable in the atmosphere and can’t be reduced as easily as carbon dioxide and methane. Although the only way we humans can really change global warming is by controlling our outputs of carbon dioxide and methane, we can begin to be more cost efficient by using our rainwater more effectively. Utilizing rainwater and/or finding a more simple and cost efficient way to purify ocean water for drinking would be an excellent start. At this time, the leading method of desalination (85%) is called multi-stage flash desalination. In this method, water is boiled in a vacuum of lower pressure and temperature than the atmosphere. Rapid Spray Evaporation is a newer method, which has been patented by AquaSonics International: //<span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">"The company has produced portable units capable of converting up to 11,000 litres of water a day and is now scaling up the technology for much larger desalination plants," New Scientist magazine said. The new process does not force salt water through a fine filter in a procedure known as reverse osmosis, nor use traditional desalination methods. "RSE ejects the salt water through a nozzle into a stream of heated air, forming a mist of droplets which vaporise almost instantly," according to the magazine. Solid flakes of salt fall to the bottom of the container during the process and can be collected. Henry Lloyd, the chief of AquaSonics, told the magazine the operating costs of RSE are about one-third those of conventional desalination methods alone. "Our process attains near 100 per cent efficiency for recovery of fresh water," he said. //<span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"> <span style="font-size: 114%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Not only has this company created an energy efficient method of desalination, but they have also begun to utilize waste heat in their processes, contributing to the fight against global warming. AquaSonics may be an interesting contact to have in the future. Check out more at www.aquasonics.com

- Annie M, Hotchkiss =__Fresh Water:__ please add facts, information, links, future goals and plans under this title. __Bottled Water:__= From the IBWA: [] 2007 Stats: ·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> BW is the second largest commercial beverage category by volume since 2003 ·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> BW consumed in U.S. = 29 gallons per person (more than any other beverage including soft drinks) ·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> In the US, per capita BW consumption has doubled in the last decade ·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> 8,253 MILLION gallons of BW produced in 2007 ·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> US produces 3 billion more gallons of bottled water than the second biggest producer, Mexico ·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> US is 9th in per capita consumption [] - Green Corps Article- <span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">**it takes over 15 million barrels of oil (enough for 1 million cars for a year) to make plastic water bottles.** The NRDC (National Resources Defense Council) did some extensive research on BW vs. Tap in the U.S.- found that <span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">25% of BW is actually tap water and another 40% is derived from tap water [] - Julia H, Hotchkiss

Bottled water: __ The numbers: __ a. According to the Beverage Marketing Corporation per capita consumption has doubled in the last decade i. in 1993 it was 10.5 gallons and in 2003 it was 22.6 b. However, the number of water bottles sold has increased by 5 times in 5 years i. from 3.3 billion in 1997 to 15 billion in 2002 c. In 2003 on 12% of plastic bottles were recycled __ The problem: __ 2. [] · Not only does plastic release more petroleum into the air, but making and shipping all the bottles of water drains our fossil fuels into the air 3. [] · Plastic water bottles take about 1000 years to decompose in our already filled landfills __ What to do: __ · To create a national bottle deposit law, which a few states already have 2. [] · The WWF suggests that plastic water bottles be washed and then reused to reduce the number being produced, however the more one bottle is used the more phthalate is put in the air · They also recommend that companies use more local bottling facilities in order not to have to ship water at long distances, but this means not as high quality water 3. [] · When at home, you can put a water filter on your sink and drink from the tap · For on the go, you fill up a metal water bottle and fill it with your tap water and take it with you · Drinking water like Biota water, the container is made from 100% corn and can decompose in 70 to 80 days-http://www.biotaspringwater.com/ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Hi3RbiV_Vc
 * 1) []
 * Bottled water has the biggest growth of bottled drinks
 * 1) []
 * Old recycling systems that haven’t kept up to date especially not in the bottled water area
 * No places to recycle bottles outside the home where most of the consumption takes place
 * If we don’t recycle plastics more petroleum is consumed
 * 1) []

Isabel G.-Hotchkiss

__Last year in the United States around 15 billion dollars was spent on bottled water. Next year the number is expected to rise to 16 billion dollars. http://www.fastcompany.com/magazine/117/features-message-in-a-bottle.html

Americans add about 30 million plastic water bottles to our nation's landfills everyday. http://www.naturalpath.com/environment/the_effects_of_bottled_water_whats_the_deal -Abby Rogers, The Hotchkiss School__ = = = = = = =<span style="color: rgb(12, 31, 141);"> = =<span style="color: rgb(12, 31, 141);"> = =<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"> Ok so below is the 20/20 questions to consider- use this in your research.__ <span style="color: rgb(12, 31, 141);"> = =<span style="color: rgb(12, 31, 141);">Welcome to the 20/20 Challenge Wiki! = Partner Schools: [|The Hotchkiss School], [|The Little Red School House and Elisabeth Irwin High School], [|Ivanhoe Grammar School]


 * <span style="color: rgb(22, 23, 126);">Challenge Topic: **
 * 1) global warming/fresh water/bottled water industry.

Click [|here] to link to the LREI Sustainability Blog.

Links to Pages for the 20/20 Report Questions:
 * 1) What angle did you select for researching the global problem and what were the exact topics? How did your team research the problem? If your class worked on a different angle/topic of your global problem than that of your partner school/s, please let us know that and list those of your partner/s as well. (Question 11 asks for recommendations on actual sources used in order to build a library of global resources.)
 * 2) What differing opinions about the problem did your team discover?
 * 3) What was your final definition of the problem based on your research and collaborative thinking?
 * 4) State your team's proposed solution to this global problem.
 * 5) Identify the steps it would take over the next 20 years (at the local, national, and global levels) to actualize the vision.
 * 6) Identify the 20-year vision of how the problem might be ameliorated or diminished were your team to be successful. Include details on local implications of the solution to both schools.
 * 7) How did your schools integrate the project into the curriculum?
 * 8) How are your schools planning on integrating the solution into your communities (if applicable)?
 * 9) Please provide a comprehensive summary of the experience for students and teachers involved. You may include the ways in which the students worked collaboratively despite distance and language barriers. Describe what the students took away from the experience, both academically, culturally, and personally. This information might be used to create a profile for your team that will be posted on our website, so please write it as you would like it to appear in print.
 * 10) Tell us about plans for future collaboration with your partner school(s) or with other schools.
 * 11) Has your school experienced any difficulty communicating with your partner/s? If so, please explain and on a scale of 1 to 10, please rate your difficulty. If your team had no problems communicating, please let us know as well. Explain your experience.
 * 12) If your team created a website for the NAIS Challenge 20/20 program, please list the URL.
 * 13) Are there any articles or media coverage about your school's Challenge 20/20 projects? If so, please provide the URL.
 * 14) If you found any resources (print or electronic) particularly helpful to you as your teams researched the global problems and found solutions, please identify them. This information will be valuable to us as we create a list of global resources for other schools to use.
 * 15) Please let us know your comments and suggestions about the Challenge 20/20 program. In this section, you may include mention of any major holidays (in the US and abroad) we should keep in mind when we create deadlines and/or any ideas you might have for future years' Challenge 20/20 program. Please be as specific as possible and include all relevant dates.
 * 16) Please send us testimonials about the Challenge 20/20 program. You may include testimonials about the program from your Head, teachers, students, parents and others in the community.